Mounting evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between the gut and the brain, known as the gut-brain axis, which plays a crucial role in regulating mood, cognition, and emotional well-being. The gut microbiome actively communicates with the central nervous system via various neural, endocrine, and immune pathways.

Dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mental health disorders, including depression and anxiety. Dysbiotic gut microbiota may produce or metabolize neuroactive compounds, such as neurotransmitters and neuroactive metabolites, which can modulate neurotransmitter pathways and influence mood and behavior.

Interventions targeting the gut microbiome, such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and pscylogical intervention hold promise as adjunctive treatments for mental health disorders. By restoring microbial equilibrium within the gut and modulating gut-brain communication pathways, these interventions may offer novel therapeutic approaches for managing psychiatric symptoms and improving overall mental well-being.